Bouillon, Emmanuel Théodore de la Tour d'Auvergne, Cardinal de

(1643-1715)

   prelate, diplomat

   Born in Turenne, Emmanuel Théodore de la Tour d'Auvergne was the son of Frederick Maurice, prince of sedan, and Elénore-Catherine-Febronie de Bergh. A nephew of Marshal turenne, in 1658 he was named a canon at Liège, in 1667 received a doctorate from the sorbonne, and in 1669 was made a cardinal and named chief almoner to King louis XIV. But he fell from royal favor due to the intrigues of François-Michel Le Tellier, marquis de louvois, who was an enemy of the House of Turenne. Bouillon then (1697), against the king's wishes, championed François fénélon against jacques bossuet in the Gallican controversy. As a consequence, he had his properties confiscated and was forced to retire to the abbey of Tournus. He later (1710), during the War of the Spanish Succession, corresponded with the English duke of Marlborough and other enemies of Louis XIV. Bouillon eventually fled to the Netherlands and then to Rome, where he died.